Hybrid Energy Harvesting in Electric Vehicles: Integrating Rotational and Solar Power for Extended Range and Energy Autonomy

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a cleaner alternative to internal combustion engines but face persistent challenges including limited driving range, dependence on grid-based recharging infrastructure, and battery degradation. This paper proposes a hybrid energy-harvesting system that supplements conventional charging methods by integrating two passive, continuous energy sources: rotational kinetic energy from wheel motion and solar energy via rooftop photovoltaic panels. The system aims to reduce range anxiety, enhance energy efficiency, and improve battery longevity by offloading auxiliary loads and supplying trickle charge during operation and rest. Technical feasibility, energy output modeling, and integration challenges are analyzed. The results suggest that up to 800W of supplementary power can be generated under optimal conditions, translating to significant weekly range extension and auxiliary system support. Limitations, implementation barriers, and future research pathways are also discussed, positioning the system as a scalable solution for enhancing EV autonomy, especially in remote or grid-limited environments.