International Journal of Civil, Environmental and Agricultural Engineering

Smart Drainage System for Urban Flood Prevention

Ruchika Dabas — 2025-04-03

Urban flooding has become a significant issue in contemporary cities, exacerbated by climate change, increased urbanization, and outdated drainage infrastructure. This study introduces a Smart Drainage System that uses cutting-edge technology like IoT, AI, and real-time monitoring to stop urban floods. An interactive municipal dashboard, automated flow control valves, AI-driven predictive analytics, and smart drain covers with integrated sensors are all features of the system. The system dynamically controls water flow, identifies obstructions, and sends out early flood warnings by integrating information from environmental sensors, weather forecasts, and historical trends. With features for offline operation and both manual and autonomous modes of operation, the system guarantees uninterrupted functioning even in emergency situations. According to the research, this kind of intelligent technology provides an adaptable, scalable, and economical way to reduce urban flooding.

Comparative Study on Normal Reinforced Concrete with Bamboo Reinforced Concrete

Sathyakumar N — 2025-04-14

Concrete is a commonly utilized building material due to its durability and affordability. It has properties that allow it to resist fire and provide earthquake protection. However, a major drawback of concrete is its limited tensile strength. Steel is one of the most effective materials for compensating for concrete's low tensile strength, it has high tensile properties. Therefore, steel bars are incorporated for reinforcement. Unfortunately, the natural resources required for steel are dwindling, necessitating alternative materials. Some structures worldwide have been constructed using only plain concrete or bricks without steel reinforcement. These structures are vulnerable to the impacts of natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and storms. Bamboo emerges as an excellent material to replace reinforcing bars in concrete. As a composite material, bamboo consists of long, parallel cellulose fibers, granting it notable flexibility and toughness. It fully matures in just a few months, achieving its peak mechanical strength within a few years. While the strength of bamboo can increase with age, its maximum strength is usually reached at 3 to 4 years, after which it may begin to decline. Bamboo features nodes throughout its length, which help prevent buckling. Remarkably, bamboo can bend significantly, even touching the ground, without fracturing. This characteristic sets bamboo apart from other wooden materials. Additionally, bamboo is widely available, found in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions. This availability reduces construction costs while enhancing the structural integrity of buildings that otherwise lack reinforcement. Its lightweight design and impressive strength render bamboo a favorable building material. Bamboo possesses high tensile strength. This project focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of bamboo as a reinforcement material in concrete beams, specifically analyzing the flexural strength and comparing the results to those of steel-reinforced concrete beams.

Clayey Soil Stabilization by the Inclusion of Banana Fiber and Microorganisms in the MICP Technique

Soundaryan Gopi — 2025-04-22

MICP is a process to produce bio cementation by using a hydrated lime and it is an inorganic compound of Ca(OH)₂ is a white crystal or white powder called as a quicklime. And which the calcium ions in the lime are present in the research. In this research the bacillus magateriumand Bacillusmycoides bacteria with lime upon the two separate ways by using the bacteria in the different molarities of 0.25, 0.75, 0.75, 1.Bananafibre is mixed with the clayey soil and the silt clay soil to maximize the strength to reduce the moisture content or to make it as dry moisture content. Puzzolona may mix with lime powder to maximize the strength. The experimental is to be maintained in the research of bacteria as (Bacillus magaterium) and (Bacillus mycoides), it is dissolving phosphorous and potassium, promoting growth and control the plant diseases. This may do mainly in the untreated soil and mainly done in the clayey soil, silt clay and fine loamed soil to find the strength according to the different molaties. The engineering behaviour is treated sand by using the bacteria in the unconfined test, CBR test, Specific gravity, PH test. The permeability of sand is minimized in the range of 6.3xE-3 to 3.2xE-5cm/s. It may use in the ground improvement process and other construction process to maximize the compression strength by testing in the unconfined compressive strength. The experimental findings with the help of using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse x ray analysis (EDX). The research will finally show the maximum compression strength of molarity in the MICP process. The lime may attain the more compressive strength by using the banana fibre can be effectively adopted to enhance the engineering characteristics of sand.

Comparision of Soil Amendments using Biochar and Traditional Compost in Enhancing Soil Quality

Mohammed Thousiff S — 2025-04-29

Biochar and farmyard manure (FYM) are regular soil amendments enhanced used worldwide-they improve soil fertility and structure and crop productivity. Biochar improves soil health with long-lasting effects on water retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity, while FYM, though beneficial, offers short-term improvements. An experiment was carried out at the field scale on a 30 x 30 ft plot separated into three portions-one treated with biochar, the other with FYM, and one untreated control plot. The crop planted in this experiment was Black gram (CO 6) at 45 feet between rows planted and taking care of agronomic practices. The parameters studied for soils were pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels before and after applying the treatments. The remaining parameters are growth and yield components: plant height, leaf height, number of leaves, pod number, pod size and pod weight to properly compare the treatments' effect. Results showed that more nutrient availability is obtained in biochar-treated soil, however, than FYM; this was 10-15% higher regarding nitrogen-phosphorus and potassium levels. Growth around 20% higher in biochar was normal in the plot with pod yield at about 25% higher than that in FYM. Further, it reduced the occurrence of weeds by 30% compared with the control plot. FYM was a bit more favorable than control and was by far inferior to biochar. All of these indicate, thus, that biochar is a better organic amendment to enhance against crop health and crop productivity in sustainable agriculture.

Identification and Risk Analysis of Pollutants Present in Water Resources of Coimbatore (Noyyal River), India

Sarojini G — 2025-05-07

This study was carried out to assess the physico-chemical characteristics and evaluate the heavy metals chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) pollution in the Noyyal river, Coimbatore, India. River water samples were collected during November 2019 and analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters including pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity (TURB), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, nitrate, fluoride, sodium and potassium were analyzed for the collected samples. The water quality index is calculated, to assess the quality of river water. The results obtained highlighted that Noyyal River was highly polluted due to domestic sewage, municipal wastes and industrial effluents. These findings suggest that the river water needs treatment before consumption.

Xanthan Gum Production from Chicken Feathers

Sreelekshmi Nair A — 2025-05-13

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris which is one of the Xanthomonas species. Xanthan gum plays a key role in the industrial and food sectors. It shows a wide range of applications in food, cosmetics, oil, and paper industries due to its characteristics as a thickening, suspending and emulsifying agent. Due to the increased demand, there is a need for cheap and easily accessible organic nitrogen sources for production. This study produces Xanthan gum from waste chicken feathers. Poultry feather disposal annually harms our environment. Chicken feathers are renewable, easily accessible waste and economical. The waste chicken feathers are converted to CFP (Chicken Feather Peptone) through a chemical process. In this study, we discussed CFP to be an advisable substrate for Xanthan gum production.