Frontiers in Advanced Materials Research

A Comparative Analysis of Herbal Tea and Green Tea: Unravelling Their Origins, Processing, Caffeine Content, Flavor Profile, and Health Benefits

Amunugoda P.N.R.J, Muthukelum R.D.S — Sat, 09 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study compares herbal tea and green tea in-depth in order to clarify their origins, production processes, caffeine amounts, flavor characteristics, and associated health benefits. Even while both green tea and herbal tea have become very popular, they each have distinctive features that set them apart from one another. The primary components are what distinguish green tea and herbal tea from one another. The same Camellia sinensis plant that yields oolong, black, and white teas is also utilized to produce green tea. They differ from one another because of variations in the withering and oxidation processes. Herbal tea, unlike green tea, employs dried fruits, flowers, spices, and herbs in different proportions instead of the tea plant. While the majority of herbal teas are caffeine-free, green tea is a rich source of caffeine. Additionally, most herbal teas have less antioxidants than green tea. The taste profile of herbal tea actually varies on which herbal teas are being tried out, whereas green tea has a fairly distinct natural flavor. When it comes to herbal teas, there are often two different flavor profiles: one that is scrumptious and the other that is as bitter as green tea. When it comes to herbal teas, there are often two different flavor profiles: one that is scrumptious and the other that is as bitter as green tea. The health advantages of green tea and herbal tea differ since they come from different plants. Green tea is a healthy beverage since it is full of antioxidants, catechins, theanine, and different vitamins. Herbal teas provide a range of health advantages since they are manufactured from a variety of fruits and plants. There are drinks labeled as "herbal tea" even though many herbal teas are used as natural medicines. In addition, this study aims to clarify the distinction between herbal teas and green tea and to provide insightful information to help people better understand, appreciate, and choose wisely when it comes to these beloved beverages.

Study on c-axis orientation of AlN thin film on the influence Al buffer layer and Ar/N2 gas flow ratio in reactive magnetron sputtering

Vanamoorthy M, Bindu Salim — Tue, 12 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

AlN is a piezoelectric material suitable for high temperature dynamic pressure sensing applications. Its piezoelectric coefficient purely depends on its crystal structure and growth direction. Highly c-axis (002) orientation exhibits high piezoelectric coefficient. Deposition of highly (002) oriented AlN thin film poses a challenge since such a growth depends on multiple process parameters and substrate material. In this work, AlN thin film was deposited using reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering to correlate the gas flow rate and crystal orientation. AlN deposition was carried out on Si (100) substrate with and without 220 nm Al buffer layer under different Ar/N₂ gas flow ratio. The samples were analyzed through X-ray diffraction technique. Results indicated that for the optimized value of 1:1 Ar/N₂, (002) AlN intensity at its maximum for both AlN/Si and AlN/Al/Si samples. It is also observed that the use of 220 nm Al buffer layer on Si substrate enhanced the (002) intensity compared to AlN/Si.

The Effect of Gaseous Discharge on Star Formation

Krishna Bulchandani, Saptarshi Ghosh, Manisha Chowdhury, Pooja Thakur, Sharry — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines how gaseous discharge affects molecular clouds and how that affects star formation. In the magnetic field of the star, electrons, positrons, and ions interact to form the majority of the plasma's chemical makeup. The ZK equations are used for the study of gaseous discharge effects in the presence of shocks and solitons. According to the study, shockwaves produced by gaseous discharge are crucial in creating molecular clouds, which in turn affect the evolution of stars. Within molecular clouds, denser regions develop as a result of the compression of the interstellar medium caused by shockwaves. The gravitational collapse of these squeezed regions promotes the creation of protostellar cores and starts the star-formation process as a result. Shockwaves also affect the motion and turbulence of molecular clouds and improve the amplification of magnetic fields. Clarifying the basic principles regulating star formation and the ensuing creation of stellar populations inside galaxies requires an understanding of the complex interplay between shockwaves and molecular clouds.

Turning Trash to Treasure: Unlocking Revenue and Clean Air from Kolkata's Dhapa Dumpsite

Swarniv Chandra — Sun, 17 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Solid waste generation has become a pressing environmental issue in India, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. Kolkata, as one of India's most populous cities, faces significant challenges in managing its solid waste effectively. This paper explores the state of solid waste generation in Kolkata, focusing on the Dhapa dumpsite, and proposes solutions to generate revenue from waste management activities. Kolkata generates approximately 4,500 metric tonnes of solid waste daily, comprising various types such as organic, plastic, paper, glass, and electronic waste. The city's waste management infrastructure struggles to cope with the escalating volume and complexity of waste generated. Legacy waste, accumulated over decades at sites like Dhapa landfill, poses additional challenges, including environmental degradation and health risks. Discussions on the efforts to address legacy waste through biomining and bioremediation techniques have been discussed. Landfill gas (LFG) extraction and utilization as well as possible opportunities for converting waste into energy, is also discussed. The economic feasibility of waste management initiatives at Dhapa depends on factors such as technological innovation, political will, and revenue generation from recovered materials. Public-private partnerships and incentivizing private sector involvement can enhance efficiency and innovation in waste management. Finally, addressing the economic dimensions of waste management in Kolkata requires a holistic approach integrating technological innovation, policy reform, and stakeholder engagement. By aligning economic incentives with environmental objectives, Kolkata can create a sustainable and prosperous future where waste is treated as a valuable resource.

Unlocking the Potential of Sodium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Agniv Chandra — Sun, 24 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their abundance, cost-effectiveness, and similar electrochemical properties. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the science behind it and the technology to explore, the scope for commercialization, prospects, advantages, and disadvantages of SIBs in the realm of energy storage technology. Through a critical examination of current research and developments, this article elucidates the potential of SIBs in revolutionizing the energy storage landscape.